The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023 replaces the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. It establishes updated parameters for digital forensics and electronic record admissibility.
Under the BSA, electronic and digital records are given the same legal standing as paper documents. Server logs, WhatsApp messages, emails, digital video/audio files, and system databases can be submitted as primary or secondary evidence.
Definitions of "Document" have been expanded to include all digital mediums. Smartphones, laptops, cloud databases, and storage drives are recognized sources of direct courtroom evidence.
To ensure authenticity, all electronic evidence must be backed by a specific digital certificate validating the source, integrity, and lack of alteration. Our team assists clients and forensics experts in preparing verified certificates for court submissions.
Court testimony of witnesses, experts, and victims can now be recorded via verified video-conferencing channels, ensuring speedier trials and protection of witnesses.